<code>
QL_statement ::= select_statement | update_statement | delete_statement
select_statement ::= select_clause from_clause [where_clause] [groupby_clause]
[having_clause] [orderby_clause]
update_statement ::= update_clause [where_clause]
delete_statement ::= delete_clause [where_clause]
from_clause ::=
FROM identification_variable_declaration
{, {identification_variable_declaration | collection_member_declaration}}*
identification_variable_declaration ::= range_variable_declaration { join | fetch_join }*
range_variable_declaration ::= abstract_schema_name [AS ] identification_variable
join ::= join_spec join_association_path_expression [AS ] identification_variable
fetch_join ::= join_specFETCH join_association_path_expression
association_path_expression ::=
collection_valued_path_expression | single_valued_association_path_expression
join_spec::= [LEFT [OUTER ] |INNER ]JOIN
join_association_path_expression ::= join_collection_valued_path_expression |
join_single_valued_association_path_expression
join_collection_valued_path_expression::=
identification_variable.collection_valued_association_field
join_single_valued_association_path_expression::=
identification_variable.single_valued_association_field
collection_member_declaration ::=
IN ( collection_valued_path_expression) [AS ] identification_variable
single_valued_path_expression ::=
state_field_path_expression | single_valued_association_path_expression
state_field_path_expression ::=
{identification_variable | single_valued_association_path_expression}.state_field
single_valued_association_path_expression ::=
identification_variable.{single_valued_association_field.}* single_valued_association_field
collection_valued_path_expression ::=
identification_variable.{single_valued_association_field.}*collection_valued_association_field
state_field ::= {embedded_class_state_field.}*simple_state_field
update_clause ::=UPDATE abstract_schema_name [[AS ] identification_variable]
SET update_item {, update_item}*
update_item ::= [identification_variable.]{state_field | single_valued_association_field} =
new_value
new_value ::=
simple_arithmetic_expression |
string_primary |
datetime_primary |

boolean_primary |
enum_primary
simple_entity_expression |
NULL
delete_clause ::=DELETE FROM abstract_schema_name [[AS ] identification_variable]
select_clause ::=SELECT [DISTINCT ] select_expression {, select_expression}*
select_expression ::=
single_valued_path_expression |
aggregate_expression |
identification_variable |
OBJECT( identification_variable) |
constructor_expression
constructor_expression ::=
NEW constructor_name( constructor_item {, constructor_item}*)
constructor_item ::= single_valued_path_expression | aggregate_expression
aggregate_expression ::=
{AVG |MAX |MIN |SUM }( [DISTINCT ] state_field_path_expression) |
COUNT ( [DISTINCT ] identification_variable | state_field_path_expression |
single_valued_association_path_expression)
where_clause ::=WHERE conditional_expression
groupby_clause ::=GROUP BY groupby_item {, groupby_item}*
groupby_item ::= single_valued_path_expression | identification_variable
having_clause ::=HAVING conditional_expression
orderby_clause ::=ORDER BY orderby_item {, orderby_item}*
orderby_item ::= state_field_path_expression [ASC |DESC ]
subquery ::= simple_select_clause subquery_from_clause [where_clause]
[groupby_clause] [having_clause]
subquery_from_clause ::=
FROM subselect_identification_variable_declaration
{, subselect_identification_variable_declaration}*
subselect_identification_variable_declaration ::=
identification_variable_declaration |
association_path_expression [AS ] identification_variable |
collection_member_declaration
simple_select_clause ::=SELECT [DISTINCT ] simple_select_expression
simple_select_expression::=
single_valued_path_expression |
aggregate_expression |
identification_variable
conditional_expression ::= conditional_term | conditional_expressionOR conditional_term
conditional_term ::= conditional_factor | conditional_termAND conditional_factor
conditional_factor ::= [NOT ] conditional_primary
conditional_primary ::= simple_cond_expression |( conditional_expression)
simple_cond_expression ::=
comparison_expression |
between_expression |
like_expression |
in_expression |
null_comparison_expression |
empty_collection_comparison_expression |

collection_member_expression |
exists_expression
between_expression ::=
arithmetic_expression [NOT ]BETWEEN
arithmetic_expressionAND arithmetic_expression |
string_expression [NOT ]BETWEEN string_expressionAND string_expression |
datetime_expression [NOT ]BETWEEN
datetime_expressionAND datetime_expression
in_expression ::=
state_field_path_expression [NOT ]IN ( in_item {, in_item}* | subquery)
in_item ::= literal | input_parameter
like_expression ::=
string_expression [NOT ]LIKE pattern_value [ESCAPE escape_character]
null_comparison_expression ::=
{single_valued_path_expression | input_parameter}IS [NOT ] NULL
empty_collection_comparison_expression ::=
collection_valued_path_expressionIS [NOT] EMPTY
collection_member_expression ::= entity_expression
[NOT ]MEMBER [OF ] collection_valued_path_expression
exists_expression::= [NOT ]EXISTS (subquery)
all_or_any_expression ::= {ALL |ANY |SOME } (subquery)
comparison_expression ::=
string_expression comparison_operator {string_expression | all_or_any_expression} |
boolean_expression {= |<> } {boolean_expression | all_or_any_expression} |
enum_expression {= |<> } {enum_expression | all_or_any_expression} |
datetime_expression comparison_operator
{datetime_expression | all_or_any_expression} |
entity_expression {= |<> } {entity_expression | all_or_any_expression} |
arithmetic_expression comparison_operator
{arithmetic_expression | all_or_any_expression}
comparison_operator ::== |> |>= |< |<= |<>
arithmetic_expression ::= simple_arithmetic_expression | (subquery)
simple_arithmetic_expression ::=
arithmetic_term | simple_arithmetic_expression {+ |- } arithmetic_term
arithmetic_term ::= arithmetic_factor | arithmetic_term {* |/ } arithmetic_factor
arithmetic_factor ::= [{+ |- }] arithmetic_primary
arithmetic_primary ::=
state_field_path_expression |
numeric_literal |
(simple_arithmetic_expression) |
input_parameter |
functions_returning_numerics |
aggregate_expression
string_expression ::= string_primary | (subquery)
string_primary ::=
state_field_path_expression |
string_literal |
input_parameter |
functions_returning_strings |
aggregate_expression

datetime_expression ::= datetime_primary | (subquery)
datetime_primary ::=
state_field_path_expression |
input_parameter |
functions_returning_datetime |
aggregate_expression
boolean_expression ::= boolean_primary | (subquery)
boolean_primary ::=
state_field_path_expression |
boolean_literal |
input_parameter |
enum_expression ::= enum_primary | (subquery)
enum_primary ::=
state_field_path_expression |
enum_literal |
input_parameter |
entity_expression ::=
single_valued_association_path_expression | simple_entity_expression
simple_entity_expression ::=
identification_variable |
input_parameter
functions_returning_numerics::=
LENGTH( string_primary) |
LOCATE( string_primary, string_primary[, simple_arithmetic_expression]) |
ABS( simple_arithmetic_expression) |
SQRT( simple_arithmetic_expression) |
MOD( simple_arithmetic_expression, simple_arithmetic_expression) |
SIZE( collection_valued_path_expression)
functions_returning_datetime ::=
  CURRENT_DATE |
  CURRENT_TIME |
  CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
functions_returning_strings ::=
CONCAT( string_primary, string_primary) |
SUBSTRING( string_primary,
simple_arithmetic_expression, simple_arithmetic_expression)|
TRIM( [[trim_specification] [trim_character]FROM ] string_primary) |
LOWER( string_primary) |
UPPER( string_primary)
trim_specification ::=LEADING | TRAILING | BOTH
</code>
