Reworked `AbstractSchemaManager::extractDoctrineTypeFromComment()` removed `::removeDoctrineTypeFromComment()`

1. The argument is always available since the method is only called from listTableIndexes() which requires a table name.
2. The argument itself seems a workaround and only needed to bypass the fact that the SQLiteSchemaManager violates the method contract: instead of reformatting the provided data it fetches more data from the DB schema which requires a table name. This argument should be dropped completely later.

This reverts commit e3ab1276, reversing
changes made to f988b0a6.

I am not sure if there is a rationale behind ignoring extra keys like
this. I was under the impression that something might copy options to
platform specific options, thus leaving options in the original array,
knowing they would be ignored anyway. If it is the case, it would be
best to just move them, otherwise, this commit might help troubleshoot
some mapping issues.
I had to fix some tests that wrongly used that options array (maybe
these options were valid at some point?).

Features and changes:
* jsonb can be used with: options={"jsonb"=true}
* OVER is no longer reserved
* LATERAL is now reserved

Support for Partial Indexes was available in Doctrine 1 following
http://www.doctrine-project.org/jira/browse/DC-82. This commit
reintroduce support for Doctrine 2. We use the same syntax with an
optionnal "where" attribute for Index and UniqueConstraint.