Reworked `AbstractSchemaManager::extractDoctrineTypeFromComment()` removed `::removeDoctrineTypeFromComment()`

1. The argument is always available since the method is only called from listTableIndexes() which requires a table name.
2. The argument itself seems a workaround and only needed to bypass the fact that the SQLiteSchemaManager violates the method contract: instead of reformatting the provided data it fetches more data from the DB schema which requires a table name. This argument should be dropped completely later.

The failures are caused by the changes in PHP according to https://wiki.php.net/rfc/notice-for-non-valid-array-container.

Unescaping re-added, support limited to schema introspection (#2850 will bring more complete coverage)

@morozov review: According to MySqlPlatform::getListTableColumnsSQL(), the default column is always selected. Removed ??