Reworked `AbstractSchemaManager::extractDoctrineTypeFromComment()` removed `::removeDoctrineTypeFromComment()`

1. The argument is always available since the method is only called from listTableIndexes() which requires a table name.
2. The argument itself seems a workaround and only needed to bypass the fact that the SQLiteSchemaManager violates the method contract: instead of reformatting the provided data it fetches more data from the DB schema which requires a table name. This argument should be dropped completely later.